Everything about Chota Nagpur Division totally explained
Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the
South-West Frontier, was a former administrative division of
British India. It included most of the present-day state of
Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of
West Bengal,
Orissa, and
Chhattisgarh.
The division included five districts,
Hazaribagh,
Ranchi,
Palamau,
Manbhum, and
Singhbhum. The administrative headquarters of the division was at
Ranchi. The total area of the division was 27,101 square miles (70,161 sq. km.), and the population was 4,900,429 in 1901. In 1901
Hindus constituted 68.5% of the total population,
animists 22.7%,
Muslims 5.7%,
Christians 2.9%, and 853
Jains. The
Chota Nagpur States, a group of
princely states, was under the political authority of the division's commissioner.
Chota Nagpur division hilly and forested, and home to a great diversity of peoples, including
Biharis in the north,
Oriyas in the south,
Bengalis in the east,
Santals,
Mundas,
Oraons,
Hos,
Bhumijs, and
Gonds. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the
Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the
Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was extempted by Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and every branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the
Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of the province was changed to Chota Nagpur by Act XX of that year, and was administered thereafter as a non-regulation province under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal Presidency. The title of the chief administrative officer was changed from Agent to Commissioner, and the officers in charge of the districts became Deputy Commissioners. The Commissioner exercised general control over the Chota Nagpur States.
In October 1906, five of the nine Chota Nagpur States were placed under the authority of the
Central Provinces and two transferred to the
Orissa Tributary States, leaving only the states of
Kharsawan and
Saraikela under the authority of the commissioner.
Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of
Bihar and Orissa when it was created in 1912. In 1936 the province was split into the separate provinces of
Bihar (which included present-day Bihar and Jharkhand states) and Orissa, and the princely states were placed under the authority of the
Eastern States Agency.
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